Suuron VM, Mwanri L, Tsourtos G, Owusu-Addo E. BMC Public Health. Malar J 18, 44 (2019). Bull World Health Organ. 3.Mosquito Control – methods. WHO. The effect of indoor residual spraying on malaria and anemia in a high-transmission area of northern Uganda. Accessed 28 Jan 2019. The details about factors associated with IRS spray status are presented in Table 3. A guide to conducting household surveys for water safety plans. 2020 Apr 6;20(1):465. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08505-y. Other studies in Tanzania, Zambia, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe and Benin have showed similar trends in malaria burden after spraying interventions with an organophosphate [14, 23, 26, 34, 35]. Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS, pirimiphos methyl, for indoor residual spraying in areas of high vector resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates in Zambia. principles of spraying and spraying equipments Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Government undertakes Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) in 10 Epidemic districts in Northern Uganda, Ministry of Health. Systematic sampling was then applied to select households from each cluster (parish). Side effects are more commonly reported in insecticide spraying personnel, 3-7 but some minor side effects have been observed in villagers exposed to some indoor sprayed insecticides. Article  [Intervention Review] Indoor residual spraying for preventing malaria Bianca Pluess 1, Frank C Tanser2, Christian Lengeler , Brian L Sharp3 1Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. “I have seen people carrying cans moving house to house to spray houses” (Key Informant (KI), Banya parish). According to Uganda National Meteorological Authority, Lira District experiences two major rainfall seasons from March–May and September–December [19]. 2017;12:e0176982. The lack of knowledge about spraying schedules by locals might also justify the low coverage of IRS among households of formal employees and business operators. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. President’s Malaria Initiative. All the HMIS105 reports from January 2016 to April 2017 at selected health facilities were reviewed. AIRS Project, Abt Associates Inc; 2014. https://www.pmi.gov/…/uganda-irs-supplemental-environmental-assessment-2014-2019. Accessed 11 June 2018. Respondents from unsprayed households also reported that spraying chemicals is harmful and not effective. USA.gov. The IRS coverage was estimated at 89.3%. 9 Humans exposed to pyrethroids may experience abnormal skin sensations and upper respiratory irritation, 11,12 as well as sneezing … Barriers that limit the implementation of thermal fogging for the control of dengue in Colombia: a study of mixed methods. Imputation method was used to fill missing age-group specific data by computing the average of the closest month cells. Data collection was conducted at the time when no new malaria control intervention had been implemented in the district. Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) and ICF International. Scores were assigned to each of the items considered using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The coverage of IRS was also higher than that of the previous IRS intervention reported at only 61% [25]. Parasit Vectors. 2017;16:4. Thermal spray coating does not always indicate the characteristics of the original material. The decreasing impact in malaria morbidity after spraying supports the reported prolonged effective action of Actellic 300 CS against malaria vectors [14]. (Table 1). 2014;7:464. Privacy Pan Afr Med J. Insecticide spraying as a probable cause of symptoms was identified by 2.1% of interviewees. After adjusting for non-response, the sample size for household survey was 159 households. Improving the impact of indoor residual spraying in southern Africa through data-driven approaches Six countries in southern Africa – Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland and Zimbabwe – are on the path towards malaria elimination, having declared their goal to achieve zero locally acquired malaria cases by 2020. Indoor residual spraying with micro-encapsulated pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic® 300CS) against malaria vectors in the Lake Victoria basin, Tanzania. Similar concerns of harmful effects and ineffectiveness of IRS chemicals were reported in a Mexican study [30]. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the two core, broadly applicable malaria vector control measures. Cookies policy. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is the application of insecticide to the inside of dwellings, on walls and other surfaces that serve as a resting place for malaria-infected mosquitoes. Trends in US President’s Malaria Initiative-funded indoor residual spray coverage and insecticide choice in sub-Saharan Africa (2008–2015): urgent need for affordable, long-lasting insecticides. pp = − 0.60, P-value = 0.015), February 2017 (Adj. Accessed 29 Sept 2017. Community based Indoor Residual Spraying in Tanzania: Findings and recommendations from pilot testing 9th annual VCWG Meeting 19 th - 21 st, Feb 2014 Geneva J Mutagahywa, S. Lalji, M. Lifwatila, L. Matonya, M. Lugera, G. Ndakidemi, This study abstracted and analysed retrospective HMIS-105 paper data at four outpatient facilities, focusing on a 6-month period before and after the implementation of IRS with Actellic 300 CS. To analyse household spray status in the regression model, the option ‘not sprayed’ was assigned a higher code since it was the outcome of interest. Vector control is a fundamental element of the existing global strategy to fight malaria. Bethesda, MD. Accessed 28 Sept 2017. The datasets used are available from the corresponding author on request. The advantages and disadvantages of wooden door automatic spray painting machine as the Labour costs rising, the automatic spraying of wooden door has gradually become the choice of wooden door factory.The wooden door automatic spray painting machine what are the advantages and disadvantages, follow the below small make up take a look … Trends in malaria test positivity rate (TPR) before and after spraying with Actellic 300 CS in Lira District, 2016. HHS A two-stage cluster sampling approach was employed to select households. This was a mixed methods study that employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches of data collection. By spraying correctly and in the right environment, you can save up to 50% of your time decorating, leaving it available for a host of other useful tasks. Reduction of mosquito bites and cockroaches were the perceived main benefits, and most villagers that perceived no benefits lived in DDT treated villages. The National Population and Housing Census 2014—Main Report, Kampala, Uganda; 2016. https://www.ubos.org/2014-census/. Key informants were purposively sampled from selected parishes and comprised of; village chairpersons, parish councillors, opinion leaders and former IRS supervisors. Malaria Test Positivity rate (TPR) was 27.0% (4660/17,232) before IRS and 26.7% (3187/11931) after IRS (Table 4). For indoors, use spot spraying where you think the pests are more likely to hide like under sinks, appliances, small crevices, etc. BMC Public Health. No formal assessment has been conducted to estimate the effect of spraying with Actellic 300 CS on malaria morbidity in the Ugandan settings. There was a decreasing trend in malaria test positivity rate (TPR) for every unit increase in month after spraying. Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). Malaria infection during pregnancy can have adverse effects on both mother and fetus, including maternal anemia, fetal loss, premature delivery, intrauterine growth retardation, and delivery of low birth-weight infants (<2500 g or <5.5 pounds), a risk factor for death. In 2008, 44 countries employed IRS as a malaria co… Effects and factors associated with indoor residual spraying with Actellic 300 CS on malaria morbidity in Lira District, Northern Uganda. The sample size for the household survey was calculated using Bennett’s formula of 1991 [21]. The decreasing trend in TPR was more prominent 5–6 months after the IRS intervention (Adj. PLoS Med. The frequency of side effects was low, but higher in localities where a combination of insecticides was applied. Larsen DA, Borrill L, Patel R, Fregosi L. Reported community-level indoor residual spray coverage from two-stage cluster surveys in sub-Saharan Africa. Sampling of households was proportionate to size and about 20 households were sampled from each cluster. For several months, the insecticide will kill mosquitoes and other insects that come in contact with these surfaces. Recent data re-confirms the efficacy and effectiveness of IRS in malaria control in countries where it was implemented well. After IRS intervention, there was a decline in malaria morbidity (TPR) per unit increase in months. pp = −1.97, P-value = 0.081)  (Table 5). National Malaria Control Programme, Abt Associates & INFORM Project. PubMed Google Scholar. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the primary vector control interventions for reducing and interrupting malaria transmission. Wealth index was used as a proxy for social economic status of visited households. Data abstraction focused on a 6 months period before and after spraying. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. A prominent reduction in malaria morbidity was seen after 5–6 months of spraying across all health facilities involved in the study. CAS  The significant decrease in malaria burden after spraying had coincided with a period when malaria burden was expected to be low due to seasonality variations. J Med Entomol. pp = 0.66, P-value = 0.012), June (Adj. The number of LLINs delivered by manufacturers has increased dramatically in recent years, rising from 5.6 million in 2004 to 145 million … Haji KA, Thawer NG, Khatib BO, Mcha JH, Rashid A, Ali AS, et al. Accessed 10 June 2018. It involves the application of a residual insecticide to internal walls and ceilings of housing structures where malaria vectors may come into contact with the insecticide. The sample was divided into 5 quintiles (1–5) representing poorest to richest categories respectively. Accessed 12 June 2018. Springer Nature. In recent years, however, it has received relatively little attention. Support to the National Malaria Programme in Nigeria 2 SuNMaP 2 is a five-year programme designed to reduce the burden of malaria in Nigeria Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) programme SMC is a highly effective intervention to prevent malaria in those most vulnerable to the disease’s effects. It was calculated using data on possession of household items, type of household, means of transport to the health facility, number of meals per day and other dwelling characteristics. 2019 Feb 21;18(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s12936-019-2681-6. Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Phase II Project, Abt Associates Inc., 1 January–31 March 2015. A community-based education programme to reduce insecticide exposure from indoor residual spraying in Limpopo, South Africa. Musoke D. Integrated approach to malaria prevention in rural communities in Uganda: experiences, perceptions and practices. Interest in indoor residual spray (IRS) has been rekindled in recent years, as it is increasingly considered to be a key component of integrated malaria management. A household survey was conducted to supplement secondary data analysis and to improve the study power through methods triangulation. Between July and August 2016, Abt Associates implemented IRS phase II in Lira District switching insecticides from bendiocarb to Actellic 300 CS [16]. Tugume A, Muneza F, Oporia F, Kiconco A, Kihembo C, Kisakye AN, Nsubuga P, Deogratias S, Yeka A. Malar J. Results: The primary dependent variables were household spray status and malaria case numbers. National malaria-control programmes decide where to spray based on a countrywide plan, and send This study analysed monthly HMIS data from four high volume facilities. Households that were not in existence between July–August, 2016 when the IRS with Actellic 300 CS happened were excluded from the study. The fear that buyers would reject crops stored in sprayed structures might have also contributed to the proportion of unsprayed household since most of the respondents were peasants. They also stated that moving items from structures to be sprayed is inconveniencing when a plan to cover all items is not available. The age of respondents ranged from 18 to 90 years with a mean of 38.05 years (S.D. ± 16.21). Malar J. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) with Actellic 300 CS was conducted in Lira District between July and August 2016. Key informants expressed fears of poisoning, unpleasant smells of the insecticide and other health related negative effects after spraying of dwelling structures as expressed in the quotes below. Cardiff Metropolitan University; 2015. https://repository.cardiffmet.ac.uk/handle/10369/7390. FM and AK supported in data analysis, presentation and interpretation of results. However, trends in TPR declined after spraying and the decline was consistent for 6 months after spraying across all the health facilities considered (Fig. UBOS & ICF International. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. A simplified general method for cluster-sample surveys of health in developing countries; 1991. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/47585/1/WHSQ_1991_44(3)_98-106_eng.pdf. Google ScholarÂ. Accessed 12 June 2018. The decreasing effect of IRS with Actellic 300 CS on malaria morbidity was more prominent 5–6 months after IRS. A study on the residual efficacy of Actellic 300 CS in high vector resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates in Zambia reported that IRS was more effective for 5–8 months after spraying [14]. The calculated number of clusters (7) was multiplied by the estimated number of households per cluster to obtain the sample size of 140 households which was adjusted for non-response at a rate of 10% as recommended by Centres for Disease Control [22]. Seasons from March–May and September–December [ 19 ] in DDT treated villages 300 CS happened were excluded the... About factors associated with IRS spray status and malaria case numbers thermal coating. Also reported that spraying chemicals is harmful and not effective in malaria morbidity ( TPR for. 5€“6 months after IRS intervention reported at only 61 % [ 25 ] of 38.05 years ( S.D. ± 16.21 ) Mexican. 2014€”Main Report, Kampala, Uganda ; 2016. https: //www.ubos.org/2014-census/ no assessment. 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