All amphetamines, whether legal or illegal, activate chemical processes throughout the brain and body and so “speed up” most every bodily function. Bull. Med. " Black beauty " was a drug street-name used in the '60s and '70s to refer to a pill of pharmaceutical amphetamine (aka speed). Speedball (or powerball) is a mixture of cocaine (a stimulant) with heroin or morphine (an opioid) or sometimes benzodiazepine, taken intravenously or by nasal insufflation. Berman, S. M., Kuczenski, R., McCracken, J. T., & London, E. D. (2009). [7] Methamphetamine is classified as a Schedule II stimulant by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), which means it has a high potential for abuse and is available legally only by prescription. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, "Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release in Human Ventral Striatum Correlates with Euphoria", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amphetamine&oldid=6904981, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. [37] Animal models of neurotoxicity from high-dose amphetamine exposure indicate that the occurrence of hyperpyrexia (i.e., core body temperature ≥ 40 °C) is necessary for the development of amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Kish, S. J. Lower doses tend to increase focus and productivity while higher doses tend to increase sociability, sexual desire, and euphoria. The generally tolerant official drug policy in the Third Reich, the period of Nazi control of Germany from the 1933 Machtergreifung to Germany's 1945 defeat in World War II, was inherited from the Weimar government which was installed in 1919 following the dissolution … (2005). Retrieved 13 October 2013. Chemically, it is similar to methamphetamine. Alles was part of a group of researchers looking for an ephedrine substitute. Lewin AH, Miller GM, Gilmour B (December 2011). PMC 4183197 Freely accessible. Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (12th ed.). Hofmann FG (1983). ISBN 9780071624428. [citation needed], At room temperature, the pure free base of amphetamine is a mobile, colorless, and volatile liquid with a characteristically strong amine odor, and acrid, burning taste.[15]. Addiction is a serious risk with heavy recreational amphetamine use, but is unlikely to arise from typical medical use.[44][45][46]. (1978). "Hyperthermia alone does not produce amphetamine-like neurotoxicity but AMPH and METH exposures that do not produce hyperthermia (≥40°C) are minimally neurotoxic. Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887 by Lazar Edeleanu at the University of Berlin. Recreational use of amphetamine is associated with abuse and dependence. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Medical. ; Changing speed. "Unlike cocaine and amphetamine, methamphetamine is directly toxic to midbrain dopamine neurons. 42 (2): 205–233. Amphetamine is a potent full agonist of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and interacts with vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). Heal, D. J., Smith, S. L., Gosden, J., & Nutt, D. J. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy. It was widely used to treat a wide range of ailments such as alcohol hangover, narcolepsy, depression, and weight reduction. Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), a literature based on anecdotal reports and the personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. Progress in Neurobiology, 75 6, 406-33. p. 370. Tell your doctor if you have had problems with drug or alcohol abuse. Chemically, it is similar to methamphetamine. 61 (3): 288–323. Jg. As a result, they should be treated with a healthy amount of skepticism. WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. Sometimes, the drug is used for fun or to boost performance. Amphetamine is a chiral compound. Today, amphetamine is used clinically for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. Defalque RJ, Wright AJ (April 2011). The addictive potential of this substance is rather high as well. In the first place, it must be taken into account that the consumption of … Paranoia 4. Chemically, it is the parent compound of the substituted amphetamines, a group which includes a diverse range of substances like bupropion, phenmetrazine, MDMA, and DOx. New York: Oxford University Press. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. [11][12] In Stimulants (pp. Allied Sci. Retrieved 29 January 2012. During 2012, approximately 5.9 metric tons of illicit amphetamine were seized within EU member states;[14] the "street price" of illicit amphetamine within the EU ranged from €6–38 per gram during the same period. PMID 22073434. It is also used to treat symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the daytime drowsiness symptoms of narcolepsy, amongst others. , bitter-tasting powder that easily dissolves in water or alcohol abuse, 39,. Increased libido, appetite suppression, and large pupils, knows similar yet better and... 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