Furthermore, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of steel slag was similar to that of Fujian sand in the manuscript except for low confining pressure. Laboratory strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests have been carried out under undrained conditions to study the dynamic properties of stabilized soil for different strain amplitudes and frequencies. The optimum mix is found to be in the proportion of 65C+20SS+5L+10RHA. The stiffness of stabilized soil increases to 58–78% as compared to clay soil. The overall variation tendency between the dynamic shear modulus and shear strain was basically the same under different relative densities and confining pressure. Review articles are excluded from this waiver policy. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China. The maximum dynamic shear modulus was discussed, and the dynamic model of the steel slag was constructed by the Hardin–Drnevich model. When the shear strain of the steel slag increased, the stress wave resistance became larger and the energy consumption became large. The largest amount of slag applied to county roads was in 2015-2017. The dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was far greater than Nanjing fine sand no matter what the confining pressure was and was similar to those of Fujian standard sand. 2019, Article ID 6410362, 11 pages, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6410362, 1Professor (Ph D), School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. Based on the testing data, an analytical model for predicting compressive strength of the CLSM from one to 56 days has been developed with high reliability [12]. After compaction, the strength index even reached concrete strength [4]. The discarded steel slag is shown in Figure 1. The permeability of steel slag and steel slag modifying silt soil as new geo-backfill materials was studied in detail [15]. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China, 3Associate Professor (Ph D), School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. The chemical composition of the waste steel slag is shown in Table 1. The dynamic shear characteristics of the steel slag were initially studied by resonance column tests, and the following conclusions were obtained:(1)The dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag decreased with the increase of shear strain, and the damping ratio increased with the increase of shear strain. The regression analysis of the normalized dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio of the steel slag showed that the dynamic model was very fit for the steel slag. 2016-JZ-020), and Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant no. Iron and steel slag utilized for roads is manufactured by crushing and mechanically stabilizing blast furnace and steelmaking slag for use as paving material. At present, the maximum dynamic shear modulus (Gmax) is determined by the laboratory test data. of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering Division, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India (corresponding author). The relationship between the control density and the relative density can be expressed as follows:where Dr, ρmax, ρmin, and ρd represent the relative density, the maximum dry density, the minimum dry density, and the control density, respectively. The reason is maybe that steel slag is a porous material and sand is a crystal structure. Samples were prepared according to the standard for the soil test method. The dynamic shear modulus and the damping ratio of the steel slag in a large strain range (larger than 5.0 × 10−4) would be obtained by the dynamic triaxial test. Waste steel slag is a recycled industrial solid waste and is sometimes used as backfills, but the dynamic shear properties of waste steel slag have not been researched at present. The specific test parameters are shown in Table 2. The maximum dynamic shear modulus (Gmax) could be obtained from the fitted lines of G−1 and γ. Steel slag has similar characteristics to sand and has high compressive strength. After the slag is collected from the separation process it is then cooled using different processes depending on the final size of the product. The reason for this phenomenon was that the steel slag was in an elastic state when the shear strain was small and the dynamic energy loss was relatively smaller. The dynamic model is shown in the following equation: The test range of the steel slag shear strain in the resonant column equipment was in a range of 10−4∼10−6. Many sustainable recycled wastes in the area of Taiwan were analyzed including waste slag [2]. The steel slag with a water content of 6% is thought in a natural state. The overall trend lines of. According to the above literature review, at present, the dynamic shear resistance characteristics of waste steel slag as a geo-backfill material have not been studied. Therefore, all of the normalized dynamic shear modulus under different relative densities could be gathered into one figure, which is shown in Figure 11. Commonly murrum soil has been used for construction of all categories of roads in our country. The control density and the loading density of the test samples are also shown in Table 2. With the increase of the relative density and confining pressure, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag increased. Based on the dynamic shear modulus, damping ratio, and shear strain of the steel slag tested by the resonant column equipment, the regression analysis of the normalized dynamic shear modulus ratio (G/Gmax) and damping ratio was performed according to equations (3) and (4). The G-γ curves of the steel slag accorded with hyperbolic characteristics. The results showed that the linear fitting effect was perfect between the reference shear strain and confining pressure: Considering the influence of confining pressures and combing equations (3) and (5), the Hardin–Drnevich model of the steel slag dynamic properties was established. • The CBR value of the steel slag aggregates is found to be 21.32% and 25.62% for soaked and unsoaked conditions, respectively. The comparisons of the dynamic shear properties of the steel slag with those of Nanjing fine sand and Fujian standard sand showed that the steel slag had similar dynamic shear resistance to Fujian standard sand and had potential to become a substitute for sand in the practical geotechnical engineering in the future. Steel slag pile was initially applied to composite foundation [3], which showed steel slag was superior to the traditional gravel pile foundation in technical, economic, and social benefits. Figure 13 is the comparison of the maximum dynamic shear modulus for three materials. The damping ratio at the confining pressure of 300 kPa and 30% relative density had a different tendency compared with others. Granulated slag for civil engineering works is used for purposes including coastal protection backfill, earth covering for correcting soft ground, road subgrade, and embankments. The efforts have been made in Tata steel that LD slag after grinding to 300 mesh, can be used as a soil conditioner in paddy field, tea gardens etc (Basu et al., 2002). Fitted curves between reference shear strain and confining pressure. The aim of this study the impact of slag material in geotechnical engineering and to stabilize properties of contaminated soils. The shear modulus and damping ratio of a backfill material are two essential indexes for the seismic performance analysis and safety performance evaluation of backfill materials [23–29]. Akinwumi [ 26] concluded that steel slag can be used as a low cost soil modifier for use in subgrade stabilization. Roads have been constructed inside the plant for heavy duty purposes exclusively with SMS slag. The overall variation tendency between the dynamic shear modulus and shear strain was basically the same under different relative densities and confining pressure. • Blast furnace slag may be used in concrete. The effect of quantity of steel slag on the mechanical properties of blended mixes with crushed limestone aggregate was evaluated, and a theoretical analysis was employed to estimate the resistance for failure factors such as vertical deformations, vertical and radial stresses, and vertical strains of subbase under overweight trucks loads [10]. The linear fitting analysis of the reference shear strain under different confining pressures of the steel slag is shown in Figure 12. Wang, H.-L. Liu, P.-M. Jiang, and X.-X. Today, iron and steel slag is used in many fields where its unique characteristics can be put to effective use. Used soil is a loessical silt from the center of Argentina which is … The reference shear strain could be improved by increasing the relative density and confining pressure. Steel slag offers considerable cost advantages over commercial limestone and has been successfully utilized as a substitute for limestone to neutralize soil acidity in agricultural soils in several countries. The quality of the single sample was calculated according to the relative density of the steel slag. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China. The greater the confining pressure was, the larger the dynamic shear modulus was. When the shear strain was small and in the range of 1 × 10−6 < γ < 1 × 10−5, the damping ratio of the steel slag increased with the increase of shear strain, but the increase in magnitude was small. The overall variation tendency between the dynamic shear modulus and shear strain was basically the same under different relative densities. The test equipment used in this paper is a GZZ-50-type resonant column instrument, which is shown in Figure 3. The test sample and loading process in the resonant column apparatus are shown in Figure 4. The confining pressure and relative density had remarkable influence in a small strain range on the dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag. Test sample in the resonant column apparatus: (a) formed sample; (b) loading sample; (c) sample covered with the pressure chamber. • It also contains phosphorous, calcium, ash, remnants of flux materials such as limestone, and remainders of chemical reactions between the metal and the furnace lining. It is necessary to utilize the steel slag waste affectively with technical development in each field. If waste steel slag could not be utilized effectively, it will result in a large number of dumping, the occupation of farmland, and pollution of the environment. The greater the relative density of the steel slag was, the larger the dynamic shear modulus of the steel slag was. Smaller Waste materials like Wood article distributed Ash, Steel Slag, rice husk ash, Silica Fume, Quarry Dust, Fly Ash have been used under the terms of to improve the properties of expansive soils. The reference shear strain could be improved by increasing the relative density and confining pressure. The linear fitting effect was perfect between the reference shear strain and confining pressures. Common components of slag include the oxides of silicon, aluminum, and magnesium, as well as sulfur, which is always present. The results showed that both chemical modification and mechanical reinforcement by adding fibers and slag are efficient methods to improve general properties of expansive clayey soil. Le, “Experimental study and strength formulation of soil-based controlled low-strength material containing stainless steel reducing slag,”, Y. Chao, L. Songyu, and D. Yongfeng, “Experimental research for the application of mining waste in the trench cutting remixing deep wall method,”, M. Shahbazi, M. Rowshanzamir, S. M. Abtahi, and S. M. Hejazi, “Optimization of carpet waste fibers and steel slag particles to reinforce expansive soil using response surface methodology,”, L. Y. Wang, J. T. Yan, Q. Wang, B. H. Wang, and A. Ishimwe, “Study on permeability of steel slag and steel slag modifying silt soil as new geo-backfill materials,”, G. X. Chen, X. By crushing and mechanically stabilizing blast furnace and steelmaking slag has similar characteristics to sand and has high compressive.. Collected from the corresponding author upon request Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province ( Grant no from... And dynamic properties very well according to the relative density of the density! 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