According to Jerome Kagan, children with which of the following types of temperament at age two to three later showed social phobia symptoms at seven years of age? Psychosexual Stages. Infants exposed to unfamiliarity reacted strongly to the stimuli and cried loudly, pumped their limbs, and had an increased heart rate. Then there is a long period during which Trey holds his breath (turning red), and then the next crying sound comes out. The links are there, but have yet to be completely understood. According to the text, the 2 most common methods parents use for managing and guiding infants’ undesirable behaviors are diverting attention and: ... _____ refers to the match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands of the child must cope with. He cried for a long time and would not play with the other children. B. is the result of inherited physiological characteristics and cannot be modified by the environment. A) quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity. Which of the following phases of Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment is Amy currently in. Jerome Kagan studies child temperament. ________ refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with. A) Most children's dispositions became less extreme over time. Why are these tests considered legitimate personality tests? C) With increased locomotor skills, babies actively seek contact with regular caregivers, such as the mother or father. Erik Erikson describes the second stage of personality development as the stage of ________ versus shame and doubt. When her mother picks her up though, Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away. However, when she sees an unknown face, she gets upset and cries for her mother. NOT Higher-income children enjoy both better teacher-child ratios and better interactions with their teachers than do poor children in child-care programs. According to Jerome Kagan, temperament: results completely from environmental factors such as parenting styles. The most frequent expression of an infant's fear involves. This behavior continued for a few more days. Which of the following characterizes phase 1 of Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment? He followed his test subjects from infancy through adulthood, evaluating specific traits at different periods… She then gently takes the rattle away, smiling and saying, "Thank you." One of the conclusions from this analysis was that the only individual characteristic to remain stable across the developmental period under study was shy, timid behavior as opposed to outgoing, so… According to Jerome Kagan, temperament: A. is the result of inherited physiological characteristics; however, temperament can be modified to some degree by the environment. Little Katie runs up to her mother and says, "Me scared." Jerome Kagans classification of temperament focuses on A inhibition to the from PSY 251 at University of Southern Mississippi Attitudes about death and dying. What does Zimbardo conclude about temperament? extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control. Temperament researchers agree that individual differences in temperament have a genetic and biological basis. Discuss Temperament. This type of cry indicates that Trey is: The results of the large National Longitudinal Study of Child Care indicate that: According to Jerome Kagan (2002, 2003), temperament can be classified by focusing on: differences between children who are shy and timid and those who are sociable and bold. Jerome Kagan (2002) has studied the temperamental category of inhibition to the unfamiliar in children. In the United States, parents tend to prefer children with a_____ temperament, whereas in China, _____ a temperament … According to developmental psychologist Jerome Kagan, a low-reactive infant: A) would have difficulty adjusting to loud, busy, or crowded environments. According to Kagan, 22. B) The majority of babies in the study were easily upset by novelty. This is an example of: Which of the following best exemplifies the difference between how mothers and fathers interact with their children? Kagan found evidence of 20. However, her mother is overly controlling and rigid. What trait does Jerome Kagan identify immediately at birth? According to the life-span perspective, when do developmental changes occur? The Harlow (1958) study concluded that contact comfort is more important for attachment than feeding. Jerome Kagan. How can differences in personality between parent and child influence the developmental process of the child? By Jerome Kagan - One of the strongest articles of faith among psychotherapists is the intuitively attractive proposition that the security of early attachments to parents has a profound influence on adult mental health. Evidence that supports the idea that emotions have a strong biological foundation includes all of the following, EXCEPT: Men and women share the same basic emotions. How does Goodness of Fit play into temperament? about being in a strange environment. Identify the BIG Five - What is Raymond Cattell's contribution to trait theory? 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